The present book contains 19 chapters emphasizing on fiber crops namely; Jute (Corchorus capsularis and C. olitorius), Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus and H. sabdariffa), Flax (Linum usitatissimum), Ramie (Boehmeria nivea), Hemp(Cannabinus sativa), Urena (Urena lobata and U. sinuata), Sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea), Abaca (Musa textilis), Yucca (Yucca spp.), Lecheguilla (Agave lecheguilla), Sisal (Agave sisalana), Henequen (Agave fourcryodes), Cabuya (Furcraea cabuya), Zacaton (Muhlenbergia macroura) and other minorfibers. It discusses origin, distribution, botany, physiology, cultivation, and production and use of fiber with research achievements in all the sectors. Here, emphasis have been given on understanding research direction and researchneeds in the major fiber crops, which are enriched by authors experience andexpertise in the field of fiber crops. A few crops have been discussed which are marginal and endemic, but has the potential to be cultivated in largeareas. The authors have also discussed in detail the techniques for screeningbetter crop genotypes using anatomical features of fiber crops, the histochemistry of fibers and the potential role of these techniques in cropimprovement. It is expected that the book will find a place among the researchers, academicians, students, and policy makers for a ready reference aswell as for retrieving detailed information on these crops.